In progress...Additions, corrections welcome.
E= Exotic
Ferns and Fern Allies
Adiantum pedatum - Maidenhair Fern
Botrychium virginianum - Rattlesnake Fern
Cystopteris protrusa - Lowland Fragile Fern
Equisteum arvense - Common Horsetail - Field horsetail is a common food item consumed by grizzly bears [37].
On average, field horsetail formed 2.4 to 5.2 percent by volume of the
grizzly bear summer diet in Yellowstone National Park and was ranked
10th out of 32 food items in amount of consumption. Native Americans and early settlers used tea made from field horsetail
as a diuretic.
Monocots
Araceae
Arisaema triphyllum - Jack-in-the-pulpit
Liliacae
Orithogalum nutans - Nodding Star of Bethlehem - E
O. umbellata - Star of Bethlehem - E
Polygonatum biflorum - Common Solomon's Seal
Smilacina racemosa - False Solomon's Seal
Trillium Sessile - Sessile Trillium
Dicots
(Mostly) In flower around May 1
(To try to spot the Geranium and the Delphinium, look up at the higher areas along the trail with your binoculars.)
Asarum canadense - Wild Ginger - not in same family with what we usually think f as ginger - but same kind of smell Chaerophyllum procumbens - Spreading Chervil Claytonia virginica - Spring Beauty - in the same genus a Miner's Lettuce Delphinium tricorne - Dwarf Larkspur Erigeron philadelphicus - Common Fleabane "eri=early geron=old" Euphorbia commutata - Wood Spurge Floerkea proserpinacoides - False Mermaid - Logo flower of the Flora of North America - monotypic genus Galium aparine - Cleavers, bedstraw - in the same family as coffee Galium sp. - several others Geranium maculatum - Wild Geranium Heracleum maximum - Cow parsnip Hydrophyllum canadense - Canada Waterleaf "hydro=water phyllum=leaf" Hydrophyllum virginianum - Virginia Waterleaf Mertensia virginica - Virginia Bluebells Phlox divaricata - Wild Blue Phlox (mostly white at Snavely's) note 5 petals (as opposed to the 4 of mustard family plants)Podophyllum peltatum - Mayapple "podo=foot phyllum=leaf" - l organism you may notice on the plants is Puccinia podophylli. It produces a non-systemic infection that has two generations per year. The initial infection occurs as shoots emerge in the early spring via contact with soil that contains overwintering teliospores (Whetzel et al., 1925). Bright orange lesions (aecia) develop on leaves within two weeks. Aecia produce airborne aeciospores that then reinfect the mayapple leaves. Black lesions (telia) develop from which overwintering teliospore are produced. The first generation is the most harmful, since plants are damaged early in their growth cycle. There is less damage during the second generation, since telia development occurs in the late spring just before normal leaf senescence. According to Parker (1988), the demographic impact of the disease in most mayapple colonies is minimal because the plant has an effective morphological defense that minimizes contact between spore-contaminated soil and the emerging shoot in spring. Parker (1989) observed however, higher levels of P. podophylli infection on some nonnative mayapple genotypes than on native genotypes.
Ranunculus abortivus - Aborted Buttercup R. recurvatus - Hooked Crowfoot Saxifraga virginiensis - Early Saxifrage Senecio aureus - Golden Ragwort Stellaria pubera - Star Chickweed Thalictrum dioicum - Early Meadow-Rue Viola papilionacea - Common Blue Violet V. pensylvanica var. ? - Yellow Violet V. striata - Striped Violet Trees and ShrubsAsimina triloba - Pawpaw Cercis canadensis - Redbud Hydrangea arborescens - Wild Hydrangea Lindera benzoin - Spicebush Rhus aromatica - Fragrant Sumac Sassafras albidum - Sassafras Staphylea trifolia - Bladdernut Viburnum prunifolium - Black Haw Exotics (i.e. non-native)
Alliaria petiolata - Garlic Mustard Barbarea vulgaris - Winter Cress Cerastium sp. - Mouse-ear Chickweed (or Holosteum??) Chelidoniuim majus - Greater Celandine Conium maculatum - POison Hemlock - in the carrot family - (it is said to have killed Socrates) Not a tree!! The Hemlock tree is altogether different. Duchesnea indica - Indian Strawberry (from India) Glechoma hederacea - Ground Ivy Hesperis matronalis - Dame's Rocket - said to be favorite flower of Marie Antoinette Lamium purpureum - Purple Dead-nettle Stellaria meadia - Common Chickweed Taraxacum officinale - Dandelion (Tooth of the Lion) Valerianella locusta - Blue Corn Salad
Other Natives not blooming at beginning of May
Anemone virginiana - Thimbleweed - "anemone"= "Daughters of the wind" (not just "wind") Apocynum sp. Campanula americana - Tall Bellflower Cimicifuga racemosa - Black Cohosh Dentaria laciniata - Toothwort (finished) Fragaria sp. - Strawberry Phryma leptostachya - Lopseed Rhus typhina or glabra - Staghorn or Smooth Sumac (tree) Rudbeckia Sanguinaria canadensis - Bloodroot (finished) Verbesina altrenifolia - Wingstem Exotics (i.e. non-native)
Not blooming around May 1
Celastrus orbiculatus - Oriental Bittersweet Dianthus armeria - Deptford Pink Dipsacus sylvestris -(? assuming it's not fullonum) Teasel Malva neglecta - Cheeses Nepeta cataria - Catnip Perilla frutescens - Beefsteak Rumex sp. - dock Verbascum thapsis - Mullein Exotic Trees and Shrubs
Ailanthus altissimus - Tree of Heaven (Has a noticeable to the touch enlarge gland on its leaves, unlike Sumacs) Multiflora rosa - Multiflora Rose (It has fringed stipules unlike the native roses)
August 1, 2001
Notes of things seen. Mostly blooming, a few in fruit. Some both.
Lopseed, Bouncing Bet (e), Honewort, Fleabane, Indian tobacco, Galium, Enchanter's Nightshade, Jewelweed (yellow and orange), American Bellflower, Vervain, Thimbleweed, False Nettle, Galinsoga (e?), Japanese Hops (e), Teucrium, St. JOhnswort, Pawpaw fruits, Figwort, Maidenhair fern, Goldenrod (which????), White Snakeroot, Wild Hydrangea, Bladdernut pods, Wood nettle, Sicyos, Dodder, Joe Pye, Bottlebrush Grass, Deptford Pink (e), Hackelia, Agrimony, Satureja, Wild Lettuce, Teasel (e), Queen Anne's Lace (e), Catnip (e), Dogbane
Begun on ... April 30, 2001